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Blue | seats1_title = National Assembly | seats1 = | seats2_title = NCOP | seats2 = | seats3_title = Pan African Parliament | seats3 = | seats4_title = SADC Parliamentary Forum | seats4 = | website = | country = South Africa }} The Democratic Alliance (DA) is a South African political party and the official opposition to the governing African National Congress (ANC). The present leader is Mmusi Maimane who succeeded former Mayor of Cape Town and Premier of the Western Cape Helen Zille on 10 May 2015. The DA is broadly centrist, though it has been attributed both centre-left〔(Focus on Gordhan and Manuel ), John Matisonn, 29 April 2009, "Many DA policies are to the left of Cope (a centre-left party )"〕 and centre-right〔(A critique of the Democratic Alliance ), Frans Cronje, South African Institute of Race Relations, november 2008 " the DA whose centre-right position in South African politics could now face a credible challenge for the first time"〕 policies. The party is a member of the Liberal International and the Africa Liberal Network. It traces its roots to the founding of the anti-apartheid Progressive Party in 1959, with many mergers and name changes between that time and the present. The party adopted its current name on 24 June 2000. Most recently, the party has integrated the smaller Independent Democrats and the tiny South African Democratic Convention.〔http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71654?oid=233149&sn=Detail&pid=71654〕 The DA has been the governing party of the Western Cape Province, one of South Africa's nine provinces, since the 2009 general election, having won a bigger majority at the most recent election in 2014. It is the only party to have increased its share of the vote in every national election held since 1994, and currently has 22.23% electoral support. The party is mainly supported by Afrikaans- and English-speaking voters.〔http://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/the-supporter-profiles-of-sas-three-largest-partie〕 == History == (詳細はNational Party in the 1970s and 1980s, during which time it was known variously as the Progressive Party, the Progressive Reform Party, and the Progressive Federal Party. During that time, the party was led by liberal-minded opponents of apartheid, such Jan Steytler, Helen Suzman, Zach de Beer, Colin Eglin, Frederik van Zyl Slabbert and Harry Schwarz. The origin of the party can be traced to the mid 1950s when some younger members of the United Party, such as Suzman and Eglin, felt that their party was not providing strong enough opposition to the governing National Party and its policy of Apartheid. This led to them to break away and form the Progressive Party in 1959. The fledgling new party soon faced its first difficult decision in the late-1960s when the Apartheid government banned multi-racial organisations. It was faced with the choice to disband - a path chosen by the Liberal Party of South Africa〔http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/liberal-party-south-africa-lpsa〕 - or to become a whites-only party in order to continue to attempt to change the system from within. It chose the latter. For many years the party was very much in the shadow of the larger parties, however, with Suzman as its only MP, but a surge in support in the 1970s led it to become the official opposition. As the United Party ultimately disintegrated, the progressives accepted many UP splinter groups into its fold, causing the name to change several times. It eventually emerged as the Progressive Federal Party. In the 1990s, after freedom was achieved, the party was known as the Democratic Party. It faired relatively poorly in the first democratic election in 1994 but eventually rose from relative obscurity and ascended to the status of official opposition in 1999 under the leadership of Tony Leon, mainly by taking votes away from the New National Party. The NNP was a re-named version of the architects of apartheid, the National Party. In 2000, the DP was renamed Democratic Alliance in preparation for a planned merger with the NNP and the much smaller Federal Alliance (FA) that was to be completed by the time of the 2004 general election. NNP members ran as DA candidates in the 2000 local government elections, in which the party secured 22% of the vote and an outright majority in the Cape Town unicity. Peter Marais became mayor of Cape Town, and the DA also took control of 20 local municipalities in the Western Cape. The alliance was short-lived however, and the NNP formed a new alliance with the ANC the following year. The FA also later left the DA. Many former NNP members, along with most of the party's voter base, remained with the DA however and the new name was kept. Following the NNP's defections, the party subsequently lost control of both Cape Town and the Western Cape province to the ANC. However, they regained control of Cape Town in the 2006 Local Government Elections — the only Metropolitan Council in South Africa not controlled by the ANC. Helen Zille was elected executive mayor on 15 March 2006 and formed a coalition with six smaller parties as the DA failed to win an outright majority in the council. Zille succeeded Leon as DA Party Leader in May, after a landslide leadership victory. Zille's subsequent successes as mayor led to her being awarded the 2008 World Mayor Prize. As Zille opted to remain as mayor of Cape Town as well as being DA leader, another DA member was required to represent the party in the National Assembly. Sandra Botha was elected as parliamentary leader until announcing her retirement from party politics in January 2009. Following the 2009 general elections, the vacant parliamentary leadership post was filled by Eastern Cape provincial leader Athol Trollip. In 2011, Trollip was beaten in his re-election bid by the party's former national spokesperson Lindiwe Mazibuko. She served in the position until May 2014 when she left to study at Harvard,〔http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2014/05/13/mazibuko-shunned-da-death-match〕 at which point Mmusi Maimane was elected as the new parliamentary leader. In 2015, Maimane also succeeded Helen Zille as the national leader of the party. His leadership has been controversial, as he has had to deal with the Dianne Kohler Barnard affair, has been criticised for his response to the student protests in late 2015,〔http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Young-MPs-roast-Maimanes-stance-on-students-20151024〕 and is currently facing disciplinary action from parliament for failure to declare campaign contributions.〔http://mg.co.za/article/2015-10-31-maimane-da-mps-must-be-punished-for-not-declaring-donations-anc〕〔http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2015/10/30/Maimane-didnt-tell-Parliament-about-all-his-money-ANC〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Democratic Alliance (South Africa)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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